Day 1 :
- Pediatric Research
Session Introduction
Shante V. Segumalian
Western Visayas Medical Center Philippines
Title: Clinical And Demographic Profile Of Japanese Encephalitis In Pediatric Patients Admitted At Western Visayas Medical Center August 2013 To August 2016.
Biography:
Ma. Shante V. Segumalian has completed her 3 year pediatric residency training ar Western Visayas Medical Center Philippines (2012-2015). A graduate of Iloilo Doctors Hospital College of Medicine and presently working at Western Visayas Medical Center as Medical Officer IV.
Abstract:
Objective: The study aims to determine the demographic and clinical profile of pediatric patients with Japanese Encephalitis (JE) admitted at Western Visayas Medical Center (WVMC) from August 2013 to August 2016.
Design: The study utilized a record based retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study.
Setting: Data was retrieved from WVMC Hospital Information Management Department (HIMD) and Infection Prevention and Control Unit (IPCU) records. WVMC is a tertiary level hospital and one of the Sentinel Site for Acute Meningitis Encephalitis Syndrome (AMES).
Patients/Participants: Participants included 85 children aged 2 months up to 18 years and 364 days enrolled in AMES Surveillance.
Main Outcome Measures: Data include age, sex, demographic profile, clinical findings and laboratory confirmed JE results was encoded in a spreadsheet using SPSS software package version 16.0. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze and statistical significance was measured using Chi square test.
Results: Results showed that 85 AMES cases in pediatric patients were qualified in the study. Out of 85 cases, 13 patients or 15.3% (7 males and 6 females, mostly 0-2 years old at 34.8%, residents of Iloilo province at 76.9%) were confirmed with JE using laboratory test Pan bio JE-Dengue IgM ELISA. Out of 13 cases, 84.2% recovered from JE, 7.7% had a neurological sequelae and died from JE. Results also showed that the clinical and demographic profile of confirmed JE pediatric patients have no relationship to the clinical outcome of children (p value is higher than 0.05). Conclusion: JE is present among 0-2 years old AMES pediatric patients admitted in the WVMC in any gender at Western Visayas from August 2013 to August 2016. This study could be a baseline data regarding the distribution of admitted AMES and confirmed JE cases. This provides information that can guide prioritization of high risk areas that is necessary for planning preventive measures against this important public health threat.
Nida mirza
Apollo hospitals, India
Title: Clinical profile of Acute Pancreatitis in children and adolescents from a single centre in Northern India.
Biography:
Fellow in pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology Apollo hospitals, India. I have completed my md in pediatrics, now doing fellowship in pediatric gastroenterology and hepatology.
Abstract:
Purpose: There has been an increase incidence of pancreatitis in children over the world, studies in developed countries shows increasing childhood obesity leading to increase in biliary disorders is cause for increasing incidence of pancreatitis in children, however there is sparse data from the developing countries. This study was undertaken to determine the characteristics of Indian children with acute pancreatitis mainly the clinical features, etiology, complication, association, genetic factors and outcome and recurrence.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study of all patients under the age of 18 years who had a final diagnosis of pancreatitis admitted at our centre between 2017 and 2019.
Results: During the 3-year period from 2017 to 2019, 40 patients (males-62.5%) were admitted at our centre with acute pancreatitis. We found a definite etiology in most cases (n= 25, 62.5%) of patients which were broadly grouped into 7 etiologies: Structural, Genetic, Drug induced, Systemic disease/underlying illness, Cholelithiasis-related, Metabolic and Autoimmune. Recurrence of acute episodes were noted in 13 patients (32.5%). Of these, 11 were found to have a genetic mutation, underlying structural abnormality or systemic illness.
Conclusions: we found that most cases of pancreatitis in children were of mild severity and the etiology were quite different than adults and most cases of acute recurrent pancreatitis have a definite etiology of either genetic mutation or structural anomaly.
Gerald H Katzman
Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
Title: Child Development Leading To The Pursuit Of Virtues And The Avoidance Of Vices
Biography:
Dr, Katzman served his pediatric residency at the University of Chicago and Children’s Hospital of Michigan. After spending two years in the Navy, he entered a fellowship in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine at Temple University Hospital. He is board certified in Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. He is also certified by the American College of Physician Executives as a Physician Executive.
Abstract:
Optimizing the social, emotional, moral and cognitive development of children will support prosocial behavior and peaceful societies. To accomplish these goals, efforts need to start from birth with authoritative parenting to achieve secure attuned attachment between caregiver and child. Such parenting should eliminate the toxic stress associated with the authoritarian approach and the lack of direction seen with permissive or uninvolved parenting. Early literacy is the key to building character using the vehicles of modeled behaviors, reading stories with a moral and that teach a lesson and Human Relations Programs for Children. Benevolent mindfulness characterized by emotional empathy, compassion and helping behaviors will result from proper parenting and successful character education. The resultant ability to think in a complex fashion where virtues are pursued and vices avoided should facilitate resistance to false narratives and non-violent conflict resolution. Avoiding Adverse Child Experiences has been shown to minimize depression, violence perpetration and other problem behaviors and disorders. When there are educational and professional resources in play to support the development of children in communities, a responsible, caring citizenry can be anticipated.
Raffaele Pilla
– St. John of God Hospital – Fatebenefratelli, Benevento, Italy
Title: Therapeutic ketosis and the broad field of applications for the ketogenic diet: Ketone ester applications & clinical updates
Biography:
Raffaele Pilla, Pharm.D., Ph.D., Doctor Europaeus, received his Master’s degree in Pharmacy at G. d’Annunzio University in Chieti-Pescara, Italy in 2005, where he also served internships at the Cell Physiology Laboratory and Molecular Biology Laboratory. Prior, he was an Erasmus Student at Faculté de Pharmacie de Reims in Reims, France. He received his Doctor Europaeus in 2010 from Pitié-Salpétrière Institute in Paris, France. Also in 2010, he received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pathology of Muscle at G. d’Annunzio University in Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
Abstract:
It has been recently shown that nutritional ketosis is effective against seizure disorders and various acute/chronic neurological disorders. Physiologically, glucose is the primary metabolic fuel for cells. However, many neurodegenerative disorders have been associated with impaired glucose transport/metabolism and with mitochondrial dysfunction, such as Alzheimer’s/Parkinson’s disease, general seizure disorders, and traumatic brain injury. Ketone bodies and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates represent alternative fuels for the brain and can bypass the ratelimiting steps associated with impaired neuronal glucose metabolism.
Therefore, therapeutic ketosis can be considered as a metabolic therapy by providing alternative energy substrates. It has been estimated that the brain derives over 60% of its total energy from ketones when glucose availability is limited. In fact, after prolonged periods of fasting or ketogenic diet (KD), the body utilizes energy obtained from free fatty acids (FFAs) released from adipose tissue. Because the brain is unable to derive significant energy from FFAs, hepatic ketogenesis converts FFAs into ketone bodies-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and acetoacetate (AcAc)-while a percentage of AcAc spontaneously decarboxylates to acetone. Large quantities of ketone bodies accumulate in the blood through this mechanism. This represents a state of normal physiological ketosis and can be therapeutic.
Ketone bodies are transported across the blood-brain barrier by monocarboxylic acid transporters to fuel brain function. Starvation or nutritional ketosis is an essential survival mechanism that ensures metabolic flexibility during prolonged fasting or lack of carbohydrate ingestion. Therapeutic ketosis leads to metabolic adaptations that may improve brain metabolism, restore mitochondrial ATP production, decrease reactive oxygen species production, reduce inflammation, and increase neurotrophic factors’ function. It has been shown that KD mimics the effects of fasting and the lack of glucose/insulin signaling, promoting a metabolic shift towards fatty acid utilization. In this work, the author reports a number of successful case reports treated through metabolic ketosis.